Veliko Tarnovo: The City of Tsars
Veliko Tarnovo, often called the "City of Tsars", is one of Bulgaria's most breathtaking and historically significant destinations. Located in north-central Bulgaria, it served as the capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396) and remains a symbol of Bulgarian pride and independence.
History
Veliko Tarnovo is a living museum. Its history is defined by its role as a medieval powerhouse:
The Second Bulgarian Empire
For over two centuries, it was the political and cultural heart of the Balkans. The Tsarevets and Trapezitsa hills were home to palaces and patriarchates.
Ottoman Period & National Revival
After falling to the Ottomans in 1393, it became a center of the Bulgarian National Revival in the 18th and 19th centuries, marked by beautiful architecture and the struggle for independence.
Independence
On September 22, 1908, Bulgaria's full independence from the Ottoman Empire was officially proclaimed in the Church of the Forty Martyrs.
Description
Built on three hills (Tsarevets, Trapezitsa and Sveta Gora), the city is famous for its unique layout. The Yantra River winds deep, dramatic meanders through the city, with houses that appear to be stacked on top of each other along the steep cliffs.
Old Town
Narrow cobblestone streets, traditional 19th-century houses and hidden squares.
New Town
A mix of modern amenities, student-friendly cafes (thanks to the large university) and administrative buildings.
Typical Foods
While you can find all the Bulgarian classics (like Shopska salad and Banitsa), the region has its own specialties:
Local Specialties
Filet Elena & Elena Ham (Elenski But): Air-dried charcuterie from the nearby town of Elena. Considered some of Bulgaria's finest delicacies.
Kavarma: A slow-roasted meat and vegetable stew, often served in a traditional clay pot.
Shkembe Chorba: A popular veal soup, often eaten as a hangover cure.
Drinks
Craft Beer and Wine: The region is known for its vineyards; look for local varieties like Gamza.
Things to Do
Attractions in the City
Tsarevets Fortress: Explore the massive ruins, climb the bell tower, and walk out to the "Execution Rock".
Sound and Light Show: A dramatic evening show of lasers and music that tells the story of Bulgaria, projected onto the walls of Tsarevets.
Gurko Street: Walk along this historic street for the best views of the river and old houses.
Multimedia Visitor Center: See life-like wax figures of medieval Bulgarian rulers and craftsmen.
Shops and Crafts
The best place to shop is Samovodska Charshia (Crafts Alley). Here you can find:
Crafts and souvenirs
Workshops: Watch craftsmen work on ceramics, woodcarving, weaving and coppersmithing.
Traditional sweets: Try "Shekerdzhiynitsa" for handmade Turkish delight or "Kadaif" pastries.
Rose products: Bulgaria is world-famous for its rose oil; you'll find soaps, perfumes and jams everywhere.
Festivals
Stage of the Ages (July-September): An open-air opera and ballet festival held right on Tsarevets Hill.
International Folklore Festival (July): Groups from all over the world perform traditional dances.
Night at Samovodska Charshia (September): A lively street festival with crafts, food and music.
Mindya Rock Fest: A nearby blues and rock festival (usually late August) in the village of Mindya.
Nature
Arbanasi: A historic village just 4 km away on a high plateau, perfect for a 1-hour hike from the city with panoramic views.
Kartala Waterfall: A beautiful forest trail leading to small cascades and a peaceful picnic spot.
Emen Canyon: About 20 km away, this eco-trail offers stunning views of high cliffs and the Momin Skok waterfall.